Function linear_search_by 

pub fn linear_search_by<T, F: Fn(&T) -> bool>(
    list: &[T],
    pred: F,
) -> Option<usize>

Shart (predikat) bo’yicha qidiradi: shartni qanoatlantirgan birinchi indeks.

linear_search ning umumlashgan ko’rinishi — “teng bo’lgan” emas, “menga mos keladigan” elementni topadi.

• Time: O(n), Space: O(1).

Misol

use rust_algorithms::searching::linear_search_by;

let sonlar = [3, 7, 8, 11];
// birinchi juft son:
assert_eq!(linear_search_by(&sonlar, |x| x % 2 == 0), Some(2));